Foot Anatomy and Causes of Pain
The foot is a complex structure made up of 28 bones, 33 joints, 19 muscles, over 100 tendons and ligaments, and more than 200,000 different nerve endings. These work together to allow you to walk, run, maintain balance, absorb impact, and bear upper body weight
Lower Leg Pain Causes and Treatment Options
Lower leg pain can have various causes. Some of the diseases that may start with leg pain include tendonitis, diabetic neuropathy, and shin splints. Muscle cramps can also cause pain in the lower leg.
Brace for it: When to use an ankle brace
Ankle braces are available in various designs, including sport-specific options. But the goal is the same — to provide extra support after an injury or prevent an ankle sprain from occurring in the first place.
Why Do Some People Walk on Their Toes?
Toe walking is when a person walks on the balls of their feet or on their toes, keeping their heel off the ground. In children under 2, it’s a common way to walk when just learning. After that age, most people adopt the heel-to-toe walking pattern.
Walk a lot? 12 ankle mobility exercises that reduce risk of injury
Maintaining mobility in the ankle joint is a crucial aspect of overall physical health and functionality that is often overlooked —especially for walkers, since ankle and foot injuries are extremely common.
The precision of technical aspects in the minimally invasive Broström–Gould procedure: a cadaveric anatomical study
A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the anterolateral ankle joint and its interrelationships is essential for advancing the development of minimally invasive Broström–Gould procedure, thereby enhancing surgical efficacy and minimizing postoperative complications.
Total ankle revolution: Reduce pain, preserve function
With improved materials, instrumentation and surgical techniques in the past few decades, total ankle arthroplasty has begun to supplant fusion as the go-to surgical treatment option.
Postoperative Evaluation of the Total Ankle Arthroplasty
The purpose of this article is to review the basic design features of second-generation total ankle arthroplasty components and to illustrate the normal and abnormal postoperative imaging features associated with such devices. The usefulness of CT in postoperative evaluation will be highlighted.
In-office needle tendoscopy may be effective for chronic Achilles tendinopathy
According to presented results, in-office needle tendoscopy yielded improvements in short-term clinical and functional outcomes for patients with midsubstance chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
Returning to physical activity after first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis
First metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis procedures are a common surgical intervention used to treat pain associated at the first metatarsophalangeal joint associated with degenerative changes. Many patients who are about to undergo this procedure are concerned about how this treatment will impact their ability to continue their desired physical activities due to the fusion of the big toe joints.

